Being a Middle Class Minority Understanding the Ku Klux Klan Labeling White Males on the Top of the Food Chain

Being a Middle Class Minority Understanding the Ku Klux Klan Labeling White Males on the Top of the Food Chain To date, issues of multiculturalism and racial diversity continue to breed unnecessary conflict in the United States, in large part due to the diverse interests and needs espoused by different ethnic and racial groups (Harvey Allerd, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Middle Class Minority Understanding the Ku Klux Klan: Labeling White Males on the Top of the Food Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a matter of fact, different races have over time established contact organizations and splinter groups to spearhead and protect their interests, with a section of whites subscribing to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) from as early as the 1900s to safeguard their interests while limiting the influence of the minority, particularly the blacks, Jews, and members of the catholic church (Ku Klux Klan, 2010). The minority black Americans, on their part, rallied behind several lobby groups such as the Black Panther or ganization, which they felt offered more hope to their cause of fighting discrimination, oppression and slavery. As it shall be demonstrated in this discussion, more still need to be done in the U.S. to level the playing ground for members of America’s middle class minority to be able to enjoy the same status and perks as their white counterparts. The KKK is the name given to a number of past and present hate group entities in the U.S. whose affirmed objective was to safeguard the rights of and enhance the interests of white Americans through the employment of aggression, terrorism, coercion, and lynching to murder and oppress African Americans, Jews and members of other minority groups (Ku Klux Klan, 2010). Although various legislations have been put in place to curb this form of white supremacist aggression, evidence is available to the fact that American class issues are largely influenced by racial connotations, with the whites likely to be seen as supreme to the blacks e ven in instances where there are no presumed differences of social status or class. The sudden recognition that the above is the case came immediately after the 2008 election of Barrack Obama, the first African American man to lead the U.S. Even though Obama was overwhelmingly elected by whites as well as blacks, concerns about his suitability and capability as the U.S. president continues to elicit sustained debate in popular media forums. Through my own analysis, I have come to discover that these concerns are not triggered by class issues or an evident lack of leadership capabilities; rather they are being triggered by the fact that Obama is a black man and some white men feel extremely uncomfortable by the fact a man of color is in charge of the White House.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A number of criticisms directed to Obama often demonstrate the â€Å"KKKâ €  reinforced understanding on the part of some whites that a black man is unable to achieve what a white man can achieve despite his level of education or class status in society. From experience, I can firmly say that in some parts of the U.S., an established black man with a doctorate-level education is still referred to as a ‘nigger,’ while a white college graduate may end up attracting more favor and respect from a society that is predominantly white. The challenges of the middle class minority, in my view, are further complicated not by the account of their divided identity as members of a minority group who have used their endowed and learnt abilities to scale the social and economic ladder, but by their reinforced persistence to celebrate the black underclass as the â€Å"purest† illustration of true African American identity or the ‘victim-focused’ black identity. This need not be the case as such an orientation only further to enhance th e false belief that American white males are on the top of everything, including good careers, social-economic status, and political muscle, not mentioning that such an orientation further enhances the KKK mentality, which is principally founded on false premises and an obvious hatred of certain racial groups perceived to be undesirable. Upon his election as the U.S. president, some sections of Americans started viewing Obama as a black African who was born in Africa and not the U.S. Such racial predispositions, according to Harvey Allerd (2008), only serve to elevate disharmony while encouraging instances of victimization regardless of class or an individual’s ability. Indeed, this orientation has led a sizeable white Americans to believe that it is difficult for a black American to achieve a middle-level class status. Americans therefore need to take pride in the diverse racial groupings as a source of strength rather than a reason to fight each other and label others as i nferior due to the skin of their color. As observed by Harvey Allerd (2008), diversity increases productivity and innovation if the performance of organizations such as Coca Cola and IBM is anything to go by. These organizations, according to the authors, promote diversity programs to source talents from a wide range of diverse ethnic and racial groups. In my view, the KKK mentality that puts much focus on the capabilities of the American white males must not be encouraged since every racial group has its own strengths and weaknesses. Whites and black Americans need to be encouraged to substitute and compliment each other’s efforts in nation building and no body should be viewed as superior or inferior to the other on status of his or her racial orientation. It is also imperative to view the U.S. middle class as a state that is brought by an individual’s capabilities and hard work rather than his or her racial orientation. Efforts aimed at implementing this paradigm s hift have already achieved enviable results, and we already have many African Americans shining in many fields, including sports, academic and research.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Middle Class Minority Understanding the Ku Klux Klan: Labeling White Males on the Top of the Food Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, care must be taken to preserve our interracial relationships since they enhance our understanding of our own identity and roots. The KKK wrongfully assumed that interracial relationships have little or no value (Ku Klux Klan, 2010), but this assertion is akin to someone who throws away his or identity in the pursuit of other shallow interests. Reference List Harvey, C., Allerd, M.J. (2008). Understanding and managing diversity, 4th Ed. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Ku Klux Klan. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.tititudorancea.org/z/ku_klux_klan.htm

A Look at Kinesthetic Learners and Methods

A Look at Kinesthetic Learners and Methods A Look at Kinesthetic Learners: Kinesthetic learners typically learn best by doing. They are naturally good at physical activities like sports and dance. They enjoy learning through hands-on methods. They typically like how-to guides and action-adventure stories. They might pace while on the phone or take breaks from studying to get up and move around. Some may seem fidgety, having a hard time sitting still in class. Key Learning Methods: Kinesthetic learners learn best through doing including manipulating items, simulations and role plays, and other methods for presenting subject matter that physically involve them in the learning process. They enjoy and learn well from experimenting and first hand experience. Further, they learn best when activities are varied during a class period. Ways to Adapt Lessons: Vary instruction not only from day-to-day but also within a single class period. Provide students with as many opportunities as your curriculum warrants to complete hands-on work. Allow students to role-play to gain further understanding of key concepts. Provide students with the opportunity to work in small discussion groups as they study materials. If possible, plan a field trip that can help reinforce key concepts. Allow students to stretch partially through the class if they seem to become restless. Other Learning Styles: Visual Learners Auditory Learners

International Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Economic Growth - Essay Example The reduction in costs facilitated trade between countries and the shipment of goods to other countries became easier and cheap. It also leads to exchange of services, technology, factors of production and economically useful knowledge. The fall in transportation cost was also accompanied by an increase in the transportation speed. With the combination of fast, cheap and easy transportation, inter-trade between countries grew. Labor became mobile due to introduction of fast ways of travel and migrated to different countries to take advantage of better job opportunities. Moreover, due to increased communication and exchange of technology, a change in lifestyle also occurred in many countries. The use of new technology was adopted by many countries so the lifestyle of people living in these countries became similar also leading to a global economy. To sum up, migration, international specialization, trade and public policies helped create a global economy before the First World War. The First World War took place mainly in Europe between the years 1914 and 1918. The aftermath of the war saw a huge impact on the economies of the countries that fought, (Britain, Italy, U.S, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, Portugal, Turkey and Russia among others) and ultimately, affected the global economy by bringing the process of global economic integration to a halt or at least slowing the process down. 2. 'The First World War represents a turning-point in the economic history of Europe.' Discuss. The First World War is certainly a turning point in the economy history of Europe as it steered the economy in European countries away from moving towards a globally integrated economy. Firstly, it was because world international trade suffered a sharp decline after the war as the United States, Great Britain and France still had some conflicts. The European economy suffered a great financial setback in the war and faced many economic difficulties. Many industries that were opened to support the war had to be closed down and the countries saw a rise in the level of unemployment. The rise in protectionist policies proved to be a barrier to free trade and adversely affected the growth of many countries' economies. Capital movements between countries became restricted and relations between countries weakened further. Also, there was a decline in the level of production and transfer of resources to the production of military goods had to be stopped. To help the country survive in the war, many countries had taken loans which in no way was favorable for their declining economy at that time. As predicted, the economies of many countries had to face an economic crisis. Wealthy people lost their money and there was a sharp fall in the living standards of people. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of these countries subsequently fell. In 1918, Britain imposed the system of rationing. However, issues of rising prices, worker's disputes regarding pay and overtime and lack of proper housing arose. It gave way to many strikes and unrest prevailed in European countries. The First World War was indeed a turning point for the economy in Europe as it did not support the great economic growth of the pre-Great war, disrupted lives,

The Element of Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Element of Style - Essay Example Kalman seems to be an expert on body language since these illustrations clearly have meanings and stories attached to them. If a picture can tell a thousand words, then Kalman’s paintings certainly qualify to prove this adage. One may well connect each painting to the word it is used to illustrate. For instance, the word ‘should’ may also be used in the sense of a moral imperative, as for example what should be done in such and such a situation. Should imposes this moral duty, (as â€Å"one should be kind to the poor†); Could means that it’s the person’s choice whether to act or not; (†he could have reacted sooner and saved the child’s life); and Would indicates that it is highly probable that the person will act in such a manner (â€Å"he wouldn’t be such a spoilsport now, would he?†). ‘Would’ is illustrated by Kalman as a man who is relaxed but looking at us keenly and ready to move into action. His bo dy language states that he is ready to get up. But the very fact that he is seated on a chair and near a bed gives one the idea that if he is not motivated to take action, he just might decide to get off his chair and move to relax and lit down on the bed nearby. Something might motivate him to take action, and then again, it might not. The choice is entirely up to him, it would appear so. On the other hand, ‘Should’ is illustrated by the painting of a quaint maiden who sits with her hands folded at her chest in a sitting position. She looks at us out of the corner of her eyes- a sideways glance (Strunk, White & Kalman, 2007, 36). This may refer to the old archaic origins of the word and its usage. She is dressed in red. For some reason, it indicates to me that she should get married as she seems to be a spinster. Although the woman is the focus of the picture, we cannot help noticing the painting of flowers or leaves behind her. The third illustration or

Sports Development Essay Example for Free

Sports Development Essay Within my placement period for sport development I wanted a placement that was both challenging and interesting. For me it seemed too easy to apply to my old school to teach PE. I wanted to do something with a sport that was under developed, with this in mind I secured a placement with Dance Northern Ireland the largest dancesport organisation on the island. Introduction to organisation Dance Northern Ireland is located in Holywood and was formed in 1997 with clearly defined aims,objectives and operating principles. Dance NIs role is that of facilitator and promoter of dance in general, whilst reaching out to as wide an audience as possible. The development of Dance in Northern Ireland with opportunities for the development of professional practice and performance are paramount. Also the commitment to quality, equality and accessibility for all. Dance N I has a Board of Directors with a management team lead by Director Vicky Maguire and six other salaried staff. Dance NI functions with a large volunteer base and operates on a relatively small budget of  40,076 per annum largely funded by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland and Belfast City Council. As an organisation they regularly seeks funding from other sources. Introduction to your role in the organisation After my initial meetings with the Director, I was placed to work with Jane Moore, the Marketing, Education and Outreach officer in the capacity of Outreach Assistant with specific duties relating to the Earthquake Festival. Role: Outreach Assistant As Outreach Assistant my function was to assist with all aspects of the marketing and education remit of Dance NI under the direction of Jane Moore. This involved planning, entry on database, collation and execution of mailshots including follow up where directed. I was personally responsible for the distribution and delivery of 5000 Earthquake mailshots (lists supplied) My role also involved personal contact with schools/colleges/organisations to liason/research any aspect that was required. The Director also asked me to perform at the press launch of Earthquake at the Waterfront and to assist on the day at the Press launch. This involved dealing with/networking with press, TV and invited dignatories. As a follow up workshops were organised at the Island Arts Centre and I took a coaching workshop on Latin American Dance and assisted with the performance evening with Ballet Lorient. Three Reports Report 1: Sport in the community Dance N Is ultimate driving force is to see equality of dance on a par with other art forms in Northern Ireland while attracting international recognition for Northern Irelands dance talent, events, school and education and professional standards. Dance N I aims to be at the forefront of dancesport development in the community, to making a significant development contribution, through which indigenous dance talent flourishes and to act as an industry led dance agency. With that said they also want to develop dance studios and are seeking a purposed built dance centre for the Northern Ireland community. Dance NI also promote the benefits of dance by demonstrating health, creative, social, spiritual aspects to all age groups and communities. This aspect of the organisation has attracted support from Ballygowan Water with their new advertisements on TV and their financial contributions. Ballygowan see Dance NI as a perfect partnership in promoting wellbeing. With Ballygowan on board this has helped with funding and sponsorship of the Earthquake festival. Dance NI facilitate access to dance in all areas and for all socio-economic and cultural groups with guidance and information source for dancesport students, professionals and the general public. Other aims of Dance N I are to facilitate training and performance, with support in schools and education. To stimulate awareness of dance through promotion in the media. Education and outreach is a large part of the Dance NI programme as this is seen as an important part of development within the local community. The Education Department run training, roadshows and masterclasses for schools and community groups. Tailored dance packages offered to schools and community groups comprising of workshops, performances, demonstrations, EMU projects, curriculum support, lectures, career information, Tasters/aferschools and an intensive 2-day package and special events. Dance NI has developed the Atlantic Dance Exchange, an international exchange for dancers in cooperation with the dance faculty of the University of Colorado at Boulder in America. Reciprocal visits will be arranged for students, tutors and practitioners. Dance NI has sucessfully lobbied for the introduction of the first degree opportunity iin Dance for Northern Ireland. Report 2: Youth Sport North West Within the company they have educational and outreach projects on going thoughout the year, theses project have moved from strength to strength over the last few years. The structure of the project cleverly overlaps, so individuals/ organisations can participate in one aspect of the project, and these inital links are built upon. so they can tap into other dance opportunities throughout the year. The audience development project is therefore not a flash in the pan, or a quick-fix answer, but is laying down strong foundations for all members of the community to enjoy and participate in many aspects of dancesport, catering for a wide range of objectives and needs. Within the project they have many roadshows, these offer primary/secondary schools, colleges and community centres within N. Ireland a tailored dancesport package operational from their site. Each of the organisations that they work for, have different aims and obectives, and DNI attempt to craft the outreach project to accommodate these, foscuing on educational, physical, social, intellectual, creative and emotional needs. The roadshows have been used for MU projects, school plays, health days, PE/Dance GCSE targets, personal development, cross-curricular projects, confidence booter, or just for pure fun! All schools/centres who have undertaken a roadshow automatically become a member of DNI, and receive regular information of other DNI opportunites throughout the year which they often avail of. These include: summer school, gala night, all Ireland Youth Dance Festival, reisidencies, Earthquake Festival, etc. The feedback from the roadshows has been outstanding from teachers, leaders and participants alike. Many schools have asked the dance tutors to stay on and teach weekly, developing sturdy foundations of dance in the heart of the school. Others have asked for choreographers to help develop skills for schools entries in dance competitions. Community centres and health organisations have requested intensive hoilday dance sessions. It is anticpated that the roadshows will prove an invaluable asset for teachers due to the change in the Northern Ireland PE curriculum.

Mountain Meadows Massacre and the Supernatural :: Juanita Brooks Historian History Essays

Mountain Meadows Massacre and the Supernatural Works Cited Missing Juanita Brooks has her work set out for her: she needs to explain a historical event that has long been ignored and lied about. She must avoid sounding biased and present herself as a reputable historian. One of her challenges in this undertaking is how she should deal with the large amounts of supernaturalism surrounding the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Although she does periodically use some supernatural accounts for dramatic evidence and to support her own hypothesis in small amounts, Brooks typically discredits the supernatural aspects (both folkloric and religious) of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, While Brooks is capable of dismissing the supernatural in folklore traditions, and also in her own religion, she does sometimes lapse into giving ear to supernaturalism. Frequently this is for effect, such as while describing a Mormon woman living in fear of the mobs in Illinois who feels a "heavy foreboding of evil" and flees, joining "other wagons†¦all impelled by the certainty that to remain long would mean death" (8). Brooks doesn't dismiss this prompting as a superstitious story but as a factual experience. Likely for the same dramatic effect, she includes that Brigham Young, whom she later evaluates as a man and not a prophet, "had predicted that 'if our enemies would give us ten years unmolested †¦ we would never be driven again.' Well, the ten years were up, ten years to the day" (18). As a historian writing a book for lay people, Brooks may be excused for these inclusions of dramatic intent; however she makes the mistake in including supernatural evidence in her defense of John D. Lee. She relates how when a little girl was gravely sick, Lee "kneeled by her bed and prayed for her. He promised her that she should live and become a mother in Israel. She was instantly healed" (203). Brooks relates a second related account. Lee promised another sick girl that she "should live to be a mother in Israel. She grew up to womanhood†¦and has sixteen children" (204). These supernatural stories are not qualified at all, but left to stand on their own before Brooks informs us that descendents of Lee "feel that he was a great and good man-a martyr" (204). These two recollections may also serve a dramatic purpose, but the acceptance of faith healing by an individual she defends weakens Brooks' objectivity as a historian.

The Correlation of Psychological Stress amd Human Body’s Response

This article looks at different ways, methods and ideologies to have to deal with stress on a daily basis. There continually is research being done to look at the effects of it as well as causes of it. The way it impacts a person†s health is the subject of many research endeavors. So a few suggestions were made and printed to help those on a daily basis. Scientists are studying the correlation between psychological stress and the human body†s immune response to come with a better management for certain diseases. The body responds to stress in the â€Å"fight or flight† syndrome. When such a time that the body can not adapt anymore to the numerous stressful events, diseases set in. Symptoms affecting the immune system, blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels occur, which often lead to certain diseases. Adverse effects include behavioral problems, weight gain, among others. Researchers advocate that prolonged exposure to stress can lead to adverse physiological changes and that managing stress can help people lead longer, healthier lives. Know what â€Å"triggers† your anger by keeping a journal to record what is happening when you get angry. Recognize the humor in a situation, but make sure the laugh†s on you, not on the other person. Practice relaxation techniques and mediate or focus your thoughts on something pleasant. This article gave some interesting pieces of advice, some making your more aware of looking at different situations. Also helped me to see the number of pieces of research that is being done in the area of reducing stress, especially in those areas of society where the job you have may bring more than you can handle.

Sherman Alexie V. Frederick Douglass

Compare and Contrast Essay Frederick Douglass V. Sherman Alexie As a young child, we are given certain opportunities and guidance to expand our knowledge right off the bat when it comes to reading and writing. Going to school to get an education is what every parent aspires their child to do. Parents want the best for their children, to be accepted and to learn to their fullest extent just like every other child their age. However, there are many children and families who are not as privileged when it comes to receiving these certain opportunities.I ask myself a simple question: is education really taken for granted as if it is just a given and not a privilege? It seems that these days, going to school and learning is just expected. Nobody takes the time to realize how privileged they are to have an education, where they can learn to express themselves creatively and form opinions when thinking for themselves without others affecting you. Looking at two essays, â€Å"The Joy of Read ing and Writing: Superman and me† by Sherman Alexie, and â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† by Frederick Douglass, comparisons between the two are greatly visible.Both of these stories take an in depth look at these two young men’s lives, as we focus on what these stories are trying to tell, and what message(s) are trying to get across. Not only do these two authors share similarities in upbringing, but they also share the same determination when it comes to educating themselves on their own and proving to others that ignorance truly is bliss. Born and raised on the Spokane Indian Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington, Sherman Alexie was truly a remarkable boy.Coming from what he considered to be a poor family â€Å"by most standards†, Alexie claims that him and his family lived â€Å"on a combination of irregular paychecks, hope, fear and government surplus food† (Alexie pg. 16). At the young age of three, Alexie taught himself how to read with a Sup erman comic book. Where Alexie was from, â€Å"A smart Indian is a dangerous person, widely feared and ridiculed by Indians and non-Indians alike. † (pg. 17). Expectations were at a low standard for Indian children like him. Teachers and students expected him to fail, especially in a learning environment of non-Indian students.Despite these ignorant accusations, Alexie refused to not only be a statistic within his community, but a failure as well. This is shown as he wrote, â€Å"I refused to fail. I was smart. I was arrogant. I was lucky. I read books late into the night, until I could barely keep my eyes open† (pg. 17). He jumped at the chance to read anything in his tracks, giving him the opportunity to expand his mind and knowledge base. He fought with his classmates on a daily basis because they expected him to stay silent if questions were asked in class.Alexie refused to do so; he bypassed his classmates intellectually and would not let anyone make him feel infe rior. As he grew up to become a writer, we see pain in the story he tells. â€Å"I loved those books, but I also knew that love had only one purpose. I was trying to save my life† (pg. 18). Alexie wanted to be someone greater than what others expected him to be. People would put him down constantly, but he fought back just as much. He tried to save himself from the stereotypes of being just another dumb Indian.He had more determination to prove others wrong when it came too exceeding in reading to further excel in his daily life. When talking about determination and power to succeed, many similarities are portrayed by Sherman Alexie and Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was born a slave in 1818 in Maryland. For most of his life he lived in what he said, â€Å"Master Hugh’s family† (Douglass pg. 129). Douglass’s mistress, someone he claimed to be a â€Å"kind and tender-hearted woman† (pg. 129), had begun to instruct him on how to read and writ e starting with teaching him the alphabet.Slavery is mainly what caused the change in Douglass’s life. As his master found out about his wife’s actions in teaching him how to read and write, she was instructed to stop. She quickly turned from warm and tender hearted to cold and fierce. This eventually left Douglass to take his education into his own account and further teach himself. He stated that, â€Å"The plan which I adopted, and the one by which I was most successful, was that of making friends of all the little white boys whom I met in the street. As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers.With their kindly aid, obtained at different times and in different places, I finally succeeded in learning to read† (pg. 130). Douglass took matters into his own hands and did whatever he could to learn. Along with learning how to read himself, he also learned how to write by looking at letters on timber in old ship-yards. Copying down the letters he saw an d making four letter names by associating them with certain objects. Much later in Douglass’s life, he went on and became a leader in the abolitionist movement.Coming from a dark past while living in slavery to becoming a great speaker and someone others can look up to as a role model. The similarities between these two men are uncanny. For one, the both share a similar upbringing as young boys dealing with racism. For Sherman Alexie, he was a young Indian boy living on a reservation facing stereotypes how Indian children are expected to be unintelligent. As for Frederick Douglass, he was a young boy who grew up a slave and faced cold treatment from those who were once there for him.What these two shares is a common similarity when it comes to dealing with racism and all its ignorance. Both of these young men were forced to learn on their own due to others constantly doubting their intelligence and stereotyping. However, the main similarity between these two comes down to one word, determination. Determination and the desire to achieve are Alexie and Douglass’s greatest qualities. Alexie was always told that Indian children were expected to be dumb and Frederick was automatically expected to be uneducated due to the fact that he was a slave, and that slaves were to not have an education.Both of them took the negative aspects of their life and made them positive. Doing this eventually led the both of them into having successful lives. By taking the time to educate themselves and better their knowledge, Alexie became a well-known writer, and Douglass an abolitionist leader and speaker. Alexie and Douglass proved that ignorance is bliss, and showed that judging someone without knowing who they are or what they are capable of will do nothing but prove you wrong. Nobody has the right to ignorantly make assumptions about a person or their lives.This just goes to show how knocking someone down will make them come back ten times as strong. For Alexie and Douglass, education was their main obstacle in life. They lived through how an education can either make or break you depending on the situation. What it comes down to is whether or not you are willing to achieve further and harder than to listen to what others think they have to say about your success. Although both achieved success in a different outcome than another, they are both great examples of how each had a similar upbringing down to their determination for success.

Semantics in Daily Life

Semantics in Daily Life Semantics in Daily Life Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It involves studying how individual words are interpreted, how sentences are constructed and how the way the text is written can be literally interpreted (Foley 15). A good understanding of semantics directly relates to all the academic disciplines of all languages, which will allow one to communicate his or her message with clarity and without fear of misinterpretation. Semantics is important in language acquisition. This discipline, being a concerned with the meaning of words, closely relates to language acquisition. Scientists use the understanding of semantics to gain knowledge on the way language is learned. Language is acquired initially by replicating sounds for verbal speech and replicating images for written speech (Langacker 20). These sounds and images require to be assigned meaning, and this is where semantics comes in. Human beings learn words meanings in a basic way at first, but later more complex meanings emerge as capability with a language grows. Semantics expounds on the different types of meanings existing within a language, as a result offers insight into the way an individual builds ability and understanding of a language. Semantics is important in maintaining the structure of a language. Without it, language would lack structure (Giannini 612). The intrinsic understanding of semantics, which accompanies language acquisition, enables speakers not to string words together without any order. Stringing words in any order would give listeners a hard time trying to derive meaning from sentences. Semantics avails speakers a structure to adopt when slotting words into sentences, thus creating discernable meaning. Semantics is important as it enables scientists and academics to connect language to other disciplines. For example, the study of how language is used is paramount in psychology. The discipline of semantics gives a framework for analyzing and understanding language use, even in contexts of fields outside a strict linguistic area of study. A lot of the meaning attached to language is bestowed through inferences. Human beings write things, and the reader infers the meaning of the write-up basing on information available to him or her. Pronouns are an effective type of inference. For instance in the sentence: Jack went to the market. He brought some mangoes, it is not openly shown that the second phrase refers to Jack. However, the initial sentence allows us to infer that Jack brought the mangoes. This is the use of homophoric reference in the study of deixis(Peregrin 50). Writers as a result must understand some semantics to ensure the proper inference of their meanings. Semantics is also useful in Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Using the characteristic of universe of discourse, search engines attain an understanding of a language, for example English. The engines have an understanding of the synonyms and antonyms of a language (Grdenfors 18). Let us take an example of Google, which uses semantics to relate niches and keywords. Google can develop complex relationships in keywords by using its huge information database. For instance, searching Google for internet marketing services and online marketing will reveal similar results. Search engines use semantics to relate long tail keywords and related keywords, including the long tails of the related keywords. In conclusion, the discipline of semantics is very useful in everyday human partaking.

Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President

Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President President Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945) led the United States during the Great Depression and World War II. Paralyzed from the waist down after suffering a bout of polio, Roosevelt overcame his disability and was elected president of the United States an unprecedented four times. Fast Facts: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Known For: Served four terms as president of the United States during the Great Depression and World War IIAlso Known As: FDRBorn: January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New YorkParents: James Roosevelt and Sara Ann DelanoDied: April 12, 1945 in Warm Springs, GeorgiaEducation: Harvard University and Columbia University Law SchoolSpouse: Eleanor RooseveltChildren: Anna, James, Elliott, Franklin,  JohnNotable Quote: â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.† Early Years Franklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, at his familys estate, Springwood, in Hyde Park, New York, as the only child of his wealthy parents, James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano. James Roosevelt, who had been married once before and had a son (James Roosevelt Jr.) from his first marriage, was an elderly father (he was 53 when Franklin was born). Franklins mother Sara was only 27 when he was born and doted on her only child. Until she died in 1941 (just four years before Franklins death), Sara played a very influential role in her sons life, a role that some describe as controlling and possessive. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent his early years at his family home in Hyde Park. Since he was tutored at home and traveled extensively with his family, Roosevelt did not spend much time with others his age. In 1896 at age 14, Roosevelt was sent for his first formal schooling at the Groton School, a prestigious preparatory boarding school in Groton, Massachusetts. While there, Roosevelt was an average student. College and Marriage Roosevelt entered Harvard University in 1900. Only a few months into his first year, his father died. During his college years, Roosevelt became very active with the school newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, and became its managing editor in 1903. That same year, Roosevelt got engaged to his fifth cousin once removed, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (Roosevelt was her maiden name as well as her married one). Franklin and Eleanor were married two years later, on St. Patricks Day, March 17, 1905. Over the next 11 years, they had six children, although only five lived past infancy. Early Political Career In 1905, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered Columbia Law School but left once he passed the New York State Bar exam in 1907. He worked for a few years in the New York law firm of Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn. He was asked in 1910 to run as a Democrat for the State Senate seat from Duchess County, New York. Although Roosevelt had grown up in Duchess County, the seat had long been held by Republicans. Despite the odds against him, Roosevelt won the Senate seat in 1910 and then again in 1912. Roosevelts career as a state senator was cut short in 1913 when he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson as the assistant secretary of the Navy. This position became even more important when the United States began making preparations to join in World War I. Franklin D. Roosevelt Runs for Vice President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to rise in politics like his fifth cousin (and Eleanors uncle), President Theodore Roosevelt. Even though Franklin D. Roosevelts political career looked very promising, however, he did not win every election. In 1920, Roosevelt was chosen as the vice presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket with James M. Cox. FDR and Cox lost the election. Having lost, Roosevelt decided to take a short break from politics and re-enter the business world. Just a few months later, Roosevelt got sick. Polio Strikes In the summer of 1921, Franklin D. Roosevelt and his family took a vacation to their summer home on Campobello Island, off the coast of Maine and New Brunswick, Canada. On August 10, 1921, after a day spent outdoors, Roosevelt began to feel weak. He went to bed early but woke up the next day much worse, with a high fever and with weakness in his legs. By August 12, 1921, he could no longer stand. Eleanor called a number of doctors to come and see FDR, but it wasnt until August 25 that Dr. Robert Lovett diagnosed him with poliomyelitis (i.e. polio). Before the vaccine was created in 1955, polio was an unfortunately common virus that, in its most severe form, could cause paralysis. At age 39, Roosevelt had lost the use of both of his legs. (In 2003, researchers decided it was likely that Roosevelt had Guillain-Barre syndrome rather than polio.) Roosevelt refused to be limited by his disability. To overcome his lack of mobility, Roosevelt had steel leg braces created that could be locked into an upright position to keep his legs straight. With the leg braces on under his clothes, Roosevelt could stand and slowly walk with the aid of crutches and a friends arm. Without the use of his legs, Roosevelt needed extra strength in his upper torso and arms. By swimming nearly every day, Roosevelt could move in and out of his wheelchair as well as up stairs. Roosevelt even had his car adapted to his disability by installing hand controls rather than foot pedals so that he could sit behind the wheel and drive. Despite the paralysis, Roosevelt kept his humor and charisma. Unfortunately, he also still had pain. Always looking for ways to soothe his discomfort, Roosevelt found a health spa in 1924 that seemed to be one of the very few things that could ease his pain. Roosevelt found such comfort there that in 1926 he bought it. At this spa in Warm Springs, Georgia, Roosevelt subsequently built a house (known as the Little White House) and established a polio treatment center to help other polio patients. Governor of New York In 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt was asked to run for governor of New York. While he wanted back into politics, FDR had to determine whether or not his body was strong enough to withstand a gubernatorial campaign. In the end, he decided he could do it. Roosevelt won the election in 1928 for governor of New York and then won again in 1930. Franklin D. Roosevelt was now following a similar political path as his distant cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, from the assistant secretary of the navy to governor of New York to the president of the United States. Underwood Archives / Getty Images Four-Term President During Roosevelts tenure as governor of New York, the Great Depression hit the United States. As average citizens lost their savings and their jobs, people became increasingly infuriated at the limited steps President Herbert Hoover was taking to solve this huge economic crisis. In the election of 1932, citizens were demanding change and FDR promised it to them. In a landslide election, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidency. Before FDR became president, there was no limit to the number of terms a person could serve in the office. Up to this point, most presidents had limited themselves to serving a maximum of two terms, as set by the example of George Washington. However, in the time of need caused by the Great Depression and World War II, the people of the United States elected Franklin D. Roosevelt as president of the United States four consecutive times. Partly because of FDRs long stint as president, Congress created the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution which limited future presidents to a maximum of two terms (ratified in 1951). Roosevelt spent his first two terms as president taking steps to ease the U.S. out of the Great Depression. The first three months of his presidency were a whirlwind of activity, which has become known as the first hundred days. The New Deal that FDR offered to the American people began immediately after he took office. Within his first week, Roosevelt had declared a banking holiday in order to strengthen the banks and reestablish confidence in the banking system. FDR also quickly created the alphabet agencies (such as the AAA, CCC, FERA, TVA, and TWA) to help offer relief. On March 12, 1933, Roosevelt addressed the American people via the radio in what became the first of his presidential fireside chats. Roosevelt used these radio speeches to communicate with the public in order to instill confidence in the government and to calm citizens fears and worries. FDRs policies helped lessen the severity of the Great Depression but it did not solve it. It wasnt until World War II that the U.S. was finally out of the depression. Once World War II began in Europe, Roosevelt ordered an increased production of war machinery and supplies. When Pearl Harbor on Hawaii was attacked on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt answered the attack with his a date which will live in infamy speech and a formal declaration of war. FDR led the United States during World War II and was one of the Big Three (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) that led the Allies. In 1944, Roosevelt won his fourth presidential election; however, he did not live to finish it. Death On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt was sitting in a chair at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia, having his portrait painted by Elizabeth Shoumatoff, when he stated I have a terrific headache and then lost consciousness. He had suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage at 1:15 p.m. Franklin D. Roosevelt was pronounced dead at 3:35 p.m. at age 63. Roosevelt, having led the United States during both the Great Depression and World War II, died less than one month before the end of the war in Europe. He was buried at his family home in Hyde Park. Legacy Roosevelt is often listed among the greatest presidents of the United States. A leader who guided the United States out of isolationism and into victory during World War II, he also created a New Deal that paved the path for an array of services to support Americas workers and poor. Roosevelt was also a major figure in the work that led to the creation of the League of Nations and, in later years, the United Nations. Sources â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt.† The White House, The United States Government.ï » ¿Freidel, Frank. â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Jan. 2019.

Indra Nooyis Vision for PepsiCo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Indra Nooyis Vision for PepsiCo - Assignment Example Without referent power, the leader would not be trusted or respected by subordinates and followers. Without referent power, the employees would not be motivated to work towards shifting to non-carbonated drinks and would not approve Nooyi’s strategic decisions. Nooyi has built goodwill due to his successful acquisitions of profitable bottling companies. Without referent power, the stakeholders would be frustrated with lack of advertising the core sugary and fatty cola products (Cummings and Worley 176). Â  This approach is sustainable for PepsiCo if Nooyi leaves the organization to Cabinet Member in Washington, D.C. The approach would be sustainable if she establishes clear strategic goals for PepsiCo and implements succession plans that ensure future leaders are committed to the turnaround to more healthy products and environmental potential. Some types of influences that she needs in order to wield power for her to be successful in this endeavor include influence reward influence through providing fair benefits and recognizing excellent job performance. Another influence is a personal influence on shareholders by building close working relationships and trust in the turnaround strategy. A third influence would be positional influence by ensuring subordinates stick to the timelines of implementation of the strategy. She will also need expert influence by clearly demonstrating her career track record of making profitable acquisitions and change in organizations.